World History 1st Nine Weeks

Opener:

When did human history start? (write it down on properly headed paper)

When it was first recorded.

When God created Adam and Eve.

When man evolved from apes.

When humans first created rules to live by.

Write out the “Big Questions”

Where did we come from?

Why are we here?

Where are we going?

What is the purpose of life?

Talk about “What is Civilization” lecture. Epochs until 1860 and what happened in 1860? How do we know about the times before writing?

How do we number the years?

(Before Christ) and (Anno Domini…the year of God or Our Lord)—has to do with the birth of Christ—used in the study of history until the late 1990’s—then the numbering became secularized. Secular—not related to the spiritual.

BCE

(Before the Common Era) and (Common Era)

Same years but gets the religious aspect out of the numbering…or does it?

Religion: attempt to answer the “Big Questions”

These are philosophy questions.

The first humans were mammals that had reason and could communicate with language.

Why do we study history?

· What people did in the past made the world the way it is today

· Learn about important people

· Understand the past

· To know how things got started

· Use what folks did to help us improve the future

· Learn about culture

How do we know when we find people or if they are a person like animal?

We must know the difference between a person and an animal.

People capable of complex thought—contemplation, planning ahead

How animals deal with death is a great indicator that humans are very different than other animals—we care for our dead.

When humans appear on the earth…without the ability or need to write—prehistory

When people lived in caves not with other people…mainly in pairs or family groups they were hunters and gatherers.

When people start to come together and live in big groups…usually around fresh water…they have to keep track some how...Writing=History

When did history start?—History (story) writing has to be present.

What is a “revolution”?

What is the “Neolithic Revolution”? Number 13 on the 1.1 sheet.

Movie today: The Dawn of Human Kind

Day 4

WH Aug 29, B3

Opener:

What three things would a person have to exhibit in order to be labeled “civilized”? or What are three things a group of people would have to exhibit in order to be labeled a civilization?

1. Set rules that encourage “organization” (Political organization/politics)

2. Have a way all can communicate…language

3. Have a way to trade or a money system…way to distribute resources

4. Culture—shared learned behaviors…every aspect of a civilized society is reflected in their culture.

5. Religion—belief system that answers the “big questions”

6. Lots of people living together in urban areas…cities

Definition: “Developed or advanced state of human society.” Compared to what?

Organization

Educated in the arts of life

Enlightened

Refined

Polished

What does this mean?

V. Gordon Childe says in order to be “civilized” a group of people must have:

1. Plow

2. Wheeled carts

Accomplishments

3. Animals to pull the carts

4. Sailing ships

5. Ability to work with metal

6. Solar calendar

7. Writing

8. Standards of weights and measurements

9. Irrigation

10. Specialized craftsmen and women

11. Cities

12. Surplus of food to feed those who do not work in farming

History Guide

What is Civilization?

Politics—POWER to make decisions…about the rules

From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations: Notes

One of the first things that people were concerned with when they came together to form a “civilization” were big questions talked about last week.

Where did we come from?

Why are we here?

Where are we going?

What is the purpose of life?

Before writing we rely on archeological evidence—“people’s stuff” or artifacts.

Prehistory = history before recorded history…writing

- Human beings and their early ancestors belong to a group known as hominids.

Anthropology = The scientific study of hominids – their physical features, development, and behavior.

Physical Anthropologist = Person who studies hominid bones and other fossils

Archaeologist = A scientist who studies the life and culture of ancient peoples by excavation ancient living sites.

Dating Artifacts

- Radiocarbon dating-measuring the age of once-living material by calculating the amount of radioactive carbon present in it

- Radiocarbon dating is only useful on organic matter that is less than 20,000 years old.

- Scientists can measure the loss of other chemical compounds to determine the age of a fossil up to 2.6 billion years ago.

Uncovering Human Origins in Africa

- The first pre-humans that date back to around 4 million years ago belong to a group known as Australopithecus

- After a climate change around 3 million years ago the hominids had to change

- After many generations some developed larger brains

- Scientists use the Latin word Homo, which means “man” to name these large-brained hominids who lived about 2.5 million years ago

- Scientists divided the species Homo into 3 different categories based on body structures

1. Homo habilis

- Person with ability

- They lived up until 1.5 million years ago

- Mary and Louis Leakey found fossils at Olduvai Gorge.

2. Homo erectus

- Person who walks upright

- They lived up until 200,000 years ago

3. Homo sapiens

- Person who thinks

- All people living today are in this category

Ice Age

- Between 2 million and 10,000 years ago a temperature change occurred that dropped the average temperature to below freezing.

- The early humans adapted by either migrating to warmer climates or discovered innovations such as clothing and fire.

- It is believed that a land bridge that stretched across the Bering Straight allowed people to move to North America in between 50,000 and 20,000 BC (The oldest remains in Alaska 12,500 years old).

The Stone Age

- The Stone Age is divided into three sections

1. Paleolithic—old stone age

- Began 2 million years ago ended in 10,000 BC

2. Mesolithic—middle stone age

- Dated 12,000 to 8,000 BC

3. Neolithic—new stone age

- Lasted from 8,000 to 5,000 BC

Paleolithic Hunters-Gatherers

- Homo habilis were first and not much is know about them.

- Homo erectus succeeded Homo habilis and they tended to live in bands of 25 to 30 related members.

- They lived as nomads, in which their territory was usually 2 square miles.

- Nomad = a person without a permanent home who moves about constantly in search of food.

- The average life expectancy for these people was 20 years old.

- It is believed that woman gathered fruits, nuts and seeds, while men searched for meat by finding dead animals or scaring carnivores away from a kill.

- By 500,000 years ago the males had become hunters using spears and clubs to kill prey.

- Around this time early humans also discovered fire which allowed them to cook food, keep warm and the ability to live in caves for protection.

- They also began to wear clothing to for warmth.

- Also around 500,000 years ago language was used instead of making sounds to indicate emotions or directions. Language is one of humanities greatest achievements.

Early Peoples

- The first Homo sapiens were most likely Neanderthals.

- These people were also nomads, but they had more advanced tool making skills as well as major advances in housing.

- These advances were using drainage ditches to get water out of caves, using rocks to block drafts and building shelters with animal skins and mammoth bones.

Cro-Magnons

- Around 40,000 BC is when Cro-Magnons appeared.

- By 35,000 BC they had almost completely replaced Neanderthals.

- Cro-Magnons are probably the ancestors to everybody living today.

- They created more sophisticated tools including: the knife, the chisel, the fish hook, stone axes, canoes, and the bow and arrow.

- Cro-Magnons also drew art on cave walls.

- One of the most famous examples is at Lascaux, France.

CAVE PAINTING

ANOTHER

The Mesolithic Period

- Most cultural changes in this period involved obtaining food.

1. Pottery made of sun-hardened clay, was created. This made it easier to store food and water.

2. The sickle was invented to cut down wild grains so the seeds could be eaten.

3. The goat was domesticated and used for meat.

4. The dog was domesticated and trained to hunt small game.

- All of these advances helped to raise the life expectancy to about 30 years.

Do 1.2 sheet

Officials: Supervise agriculture and trade

Soldiers: To protect agriculture and trade

Goods and services become more plentiful…people specialize in trading for stuff they don’t make at their civilization

Assigned Aug. 29, 2011

Answers Sep. 2, 2011

Center—religion and government…Priests and ruling class houses near center…Next merchants, then artisans…outskirts were farmers, sailors and fishermen

Religion…”gods” wanted them to rule…or said they were part god.

1. They were all in river valleys! (Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, Huang Se-Yellow), 2. Writing, 3. Specialization of Labor, 4. Governmental system, 5. System of values and beliefs, 6. Ag surplus, Cities, 7. Advanced technology

Weapons and tools and used by artisans

Worker skilled in a craft—the more they do it the better they get—quantity (amount) quality (awesomeness)

Saw other people’s stuff and then they make their own stuff better!

Records kept by priests and govt. officials

Myths allow historians to infer about civilizations beliefs and values.

Irrigation led to surplus of food…fewer farmers allowed people to do other stuff.

Day 5

WH Aug. 31, B3

Hanson History-111 lectures 01-Origins-of-Civilization

Opener:

***The Neolithic Period ***

- During this period many plants were domesticated for planting and harvest.

- People of the time also domesticated cattle, pigs, sheep and chickens.

- The abundance of food meant it was not always necessary to hunt and gather food, so some villages appeared.

- The biggest village found from this time period is Çatal Hüyük, in modern day Turkey.

- Other inventions of this time were: calendars, boundary lines, rules for inheritance, the plow, the loom, the wheel, bricks for construction and jewelry & weapons made from copper, lead, and gold.

Neolithic Period is a big deal!

Start:

Stop at: The Beginning of Civilization

WH Sept. 2, B3

Hanson History-111 lectures 01-Origins-of-Civilization

This Date in History 10...Go over 1.2 Sheet...Do 2.1 Sheet in textbook

This day in World History: http://history-world.org/index.html

On This Day in History
Friday, September 02, 2011

Events

* 911	Viking-monarch Oleg of Kiev-Russia signs treaty with Byzantines
* 1192	Sultan Saladin & king Richard the lion hearted sign cease fire
* 1519	1st Battle of Tehuacingo, San Salvador vs Mexico
* 1537	King Christian III publishes "Ordinance on the Danish Church"
* 1644	Battle at Lostwithiel: Robert Devereux' infantry surrenders
* 1666	Fire in London destroys 13,000 houses & kills 8
* 1686	Habsburgs armies occupy Buda on Turks
* 1732	Pope Clement XII renews anti-Jewish laws of Rome
* 1743	England/Austria/Savoye-Sardinia sign Treaty of Worms
* 1752	Last day of Julian calendar in Britain, British colonies
* 1789	US Treasury Department established by Congress
* 1792	Paris masses remove nobles/clergymen out of jails & slaughter them
* 1796	Jews of the Netherlands are emancipated

Continue:

Get books—open to Chapter 1 Section 2

Go over Chapter 1 Section 2 study guide.

Pojer Power point: Origins

Day 7

WH Sept. 7, B3

1. Do Text Worksheet on Egypt Chapter 2 Section 1

2. Lecture on Egypt A Little History of the World

3. Watch 1/2 Hour of Engineering and Empire: Egypt

Opener:

Do 2.1 Sheet

EGYPT: A Little History of the World

The Land by the Nile

Here is where history begins…when and where?

3500 BC—5511 years ago

Historians believe…King Menes/Narmer was ruling over Egypt

Africa—very hot! No rain for months!

Desert on both sides of Egypt

Little rain in Egypt…but has the Nile

Twice a year the Nile overflows and floods

People “flooded out”…use boats to get around

When flood waters went back (receded) muddy fertile soil left behind

Hot sun, fertile soil, moisture…more grain than they needed

Egyptians Nile=god

Because of the Nile Egypt grows rich and powerful

Egyptian King had a special name…Pharaoh—all powerful ruler

Had to follow his commands

One king…Cheops 2500 BC…decided he would make the people build him a giant tomb…Great Pyramid of Cheops

Watch Engineering an Empire: Egypt (Start until 4/13)

Watch 35 Minutes of Engineering an Empire: Egypt

Movie Notes

Menes—Dam Builder to protect Memphis from the Nile—said to have ruled for 62 years—united Egypt from a bunch of tribes to a united empire—said to have died when eaten by a hippo. His example inspired the next Kings…they could build these “crazy” structures….becomes a contest.

Djoser-2667-2648 BC—Builder of the first pyramids—no mud bricks but STONE—IMHOTEP-architect of Egypt’s biggest Mastaba (burial site) at Sakkara, Egypt. 10,000 workmen—just to feed that many men

EGYPT Hanson: 03. Egypt

Day 8

WH Sept. 9, B3

Opener:

EVALUATION #1

Match the following words on a separate piece of paper

1.

a. studies remains of hominids

b. has government, religion, economy, large numbers

c. studies artifacts

d. the story, writing

e. before writing

history

2. prehistory

3. civilization

4. anthropologist

5. archaeologist

6.

a. the learned behaviors of people

b. moving from place to place

c. time with coldness

d. growing crops and domesticating animals

e. tools, pottery, studied by archaeologists

artifact

7. culture

8. migrate

9. Ice Age

10. agriculture

11.

a. person who chases their food

b. large numbers of people, domesticated plants and animals

c. raising animals in one place

d. person with a special skill to make useful things

e. different roles/jobs for different people

domesticate

12. nomad

13. Neolithic Revolution

14. division of labor

15. artisan

United Upper and Lower Egypt into one empire…1^st Dynasty

Upper (Royalty, Nobels and Priests), Middle (Artisans, Scribes, Merchants, tax collectors), Lower (Farmers)

Ahmose reclaimed Egypt from the Hyksos Hatshepsut Building project “Valley of the Kings”, Trade

Thutmose III Conquered Syria, established empire Ramses II & III continued empire and building

Theocracy—King was religious and political leader…all powerful…gave power to bureaucracy

As the Egyptian Empire spread out they came in contact with new people with new ideas and the Egyptians used the new ideas for their own culture.

Theban Kings, irrigation projects, grabbed new territory, captured Nubia, built a canal between the Nile and the Red Sea, Allowed trade between E. Africa and Arabia

Embalmed, wrapped (mummified) placed in a coffin…placed in burial chamber in a mound/pyramid

Polytheistic—more than one god…religion guided every aspect of life

Regular writing used by scribes to record stuff

Monuments, Pyramids, Temples, Number system, Calendar, Medical expertise

Transportation, water for farms, soil, papyrus, ducks, fish, waterfalls, protected them

EGYPT: Pojer Egypt (Stop at slide 25)

Watch Engineering an Empire: Egypt (4/13 until 6/13)

Day 9

WH Sept. 13, B3

Opener: Do the following worksheet:

Reorganized the tax system, built and repaired irrigation canals, made Babylon a major trade center, made justice appear by creating a law Code of Hammurabi.

Many gods, seasonal, occupational, nature, each city had a special god, human qualities

Records, lists of historical dates, literary works (stories Gilgamesh)

Men-Authority, could sell wife and kids, could divorce wife Women-hard to initiate divorce, buy and sell property, own business, own and sell slaves

Both are massive stepped or peaked structures, thought to be sacred (special religious), only priests could enter, monuments

Writing, same language, same culture, same gods, laws, roles of people spelled out, wheel for wagons and pottery, arch, sundial, calendar, number system, bronze and metal plow

Overflowing water—floods & lack of water a short distance from the rivers. Dams, irrigation, reservoirs & escape channels to direct floodwaters away from developed areas

Could grow things in the fertile land between the two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)

Fertile Land, Water, Flee wars, Flee overpopulation, Flee bad land and poverty, Flee poor weather…came from present day Saudi Arabia and Turkey (Asia Minor). Countries today: Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Syria and Iraq

He had a rough beginning but he ended up building the first empire in Mesopotamia, did this 800 years before the Egyptian New Kingdom

Innovation—using an invention in a new and creative way

Stearns Lecture 1

Movie on Engineering an Empire EGYPT—6/13-7/13

Egypt Notes: Power Point Creativity

Day 10

WH Sept. 15, B3

Opener:

Notes Stearns

V. Tigris-Euphrates Civilization

A. Precedents

1. Writing

2. Law codes

3. City planning/architecture

4. Trade institutions & money

B. Mesopotamia – land between two rivers

1. One of 3 civilizations from scratch – Central America, China, Mesopotamia

2. Farming required irrigation

3. Sumerians 3500 BCE

a. Cuneiform – scribes

b. Sumerian art – frescoes for temples

c. Science – astronomy – calendar/forecasts – aided agriculture

1. Charts of constellations

d. Ziggurats – first monumental architecture

e. Role of geography

1. Swift and unpredictable floods – religious

2. Polytheism – punishment of humans through floods – Noah

3. Gloomy – punishment in afterlife – hell

4. Easy to invade – constant war

f. City-states – king w/ divine authority

1. Regulate religion

2. Court system for justice

3. Land worked by slaves – warfare created labor surplus

g. Inventions – wheeled carts, fertilizer, silver money

4. Babylonians

a. Hammurabi – first codified law

1. Procedure for courts

2. Property rights

3. Harsh punishments

5. Indo-European invasions from North

a. Adopted culture

Finish Egypt Power Point (Pojer) Pojer Egypt Start slide 23 to end

Watch EaE-Egypt—7/13 8:24 to 10/13 8:49

Day 11

WH Sept. 19, B3

Mesopotamia—the “land between the rivers”

Fertile Crescent

Jordan

Egypt

Iran

Iraq

Kuwait

Saudi Arabia

Lebanon

Syria

Israel

Turkey

Istanbul

Opener: Identify the Modern countries in the above map!

A Little History Part 4

4-Sunday, Monday…

I. Days in a week--7

a. Came from somewhere!

b. Names are not random

c. Seven day weeks, 52 week years…order time

d. Stops time from just “flying by” like it did for prehistoric folks

e. Happens in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

f. Most important part… “land between the rivers”—Mesopotamia

g. Now called the Middle East…it is officially in Asia

II. Vast Plain…two rivers

a. Swampy with erratic flooding

b. Tall hills rise from plains—man made ancient cities

c. Archaeologist dig them up found bricks…rubble from cities!

d. Long straight streets…houses, temples, walls, palaces

III. Babylon, Nineveh

a. Babylon—most important city in the world!

b. Many people from around the “civilized world”

c. Trade

d. Upstream at the foot of the Mts.

e. Nineveh—2^nd most impt. City

f. Babylon capital city for Babylonians—Nineveh Capital city for the Assyrians

IV. Rule

a. Not one type of rule for thousands of years like Egypt

b. Did not have rigid boundaries

c. Many tribes, kings and many power switches

d. Most important Sumerians, Babylonians and Assyrians

e. Recent scholarship has the Sumerians organizing “civilization” before the Egyptians

V. UR (Sumerian)

a. 3100 BC…shape bricks from clay…build houses and temples

b. City of Abraham of the Hebrew Bible

c. Tombs of leaders show fabulous wealth

d. Games…like a chess board

VI. Seals—identifying marks…clay tablets

a. CUNEIFORM—writing in wet clay with a triangular shaped instrument

b. Huge leap forward in “history” because we need writing for history to exist!

c. Able to write long stories Epic Gilgamesh

Epic of Gilgamesh—read excerpt from text pg. 58

Day 12

WH Sept. 21, B3

Opener:

Innovation—using an invention in a new and creative way

Continue

A Little History Part 4

Nebuchadnezzar

Watch Early Kings of Mesoptamia

Watch movie on the Kings of Mesopotamia from Babylon to Baghdad

Sargon I

First Empire builder

Weights and measures

Terrifies folks

Built 1^st Empire

Standardizes weights and measures—big deal for trade!

Standing army expense—plunder

Hammurabi

2112 BC Kings of UR

Amorites

Barbarians?

1900 BC Amorites assimilate into Mesopotamia

Establish Babylon

1792 BC

Greatest Mesopotamian Kings are Amorites

Hammurabi 43 years

After 32 years starts to roll on folks

Capture/ransom system

Greatness: Concern for Justice: Hammurabi Stele

Stop movie at: 4/18 9:50

Day 13

WH Sept. 23, B3

Power Point Fertile Crescent

Where in the world?

Close in!

A Closer Look!

THEN Cities NOW

Lecture Notes:

Take notes from The Global Experience—Readings in World History to 1550 page 19 and forward

Law in the Ancient Near East: Babylonian, Hittite, and Hebrew

· Law is a basic requirement for security in any civilization.

· Legal systems reflect the values (things people think are important) of the people who create them.

· If laws are written by people who value trade—punishment for cheating in business is more harsh than people who value farming.

· When we look back at people’s laws we can tell a lot about them.

· Laws put in place by feudal lords will give themselves special privileges…at the expense of other people.

· Two themes in most law “codes”: peace and justice…when we study laws written by people who have limited populations…justice is arrived at by fines…or compensation to avoid “blood feuds”

· Blood feuds were common in tribal societies…these tribes contained small numbers of people…if laws too harsh…people killed…that made the tribes smaller.

· People in urban areas (cities or big villages) in settled society see justice as the essence (point) of law…the offender must suffer as much if not more than the victim of crime.

· Law is used to “deter” behavior that is not wanted by the society.

· Tribal-rural people do not want to kill or hopelessly kick out offenders…urban people don’t care about this as much…have enough people that to kill some to get even or imprison some we don’t miss them.

· Label someone a criminal—kick out of “civilized” society.

· Look at the code we copied today.

What laws are required for civilization?

Hammurabi’s Code (Primary Source)- CODE OF HAMMURABI

2 If any one bring an accusation against a man, and the accused go to the river and leap into the river, if he sink in the river his accuser shall take possession of his house. But if the river prove that the accused is not guilty, and he escape unhurt, then he who had brought the accusation shall be put to death, while he who leaped into the river shall take possession of the house that had belonged to his accuser.

5 If a judge try a case, reach a decision, and present his judgment in writing; if later error shall appear in his decision, and it be through his own fault, then he shall pay twelve times the fine set by him in the case, and he shall be publicly removed from the judge's bench, and never again shall he sit there to render judgment.

7 If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man, without witnesses or a contract, silver or gold, a male or female slave, an ox or a sheep, an ass or anything, or if he take it in charge, he is considered a thief and shall be put to death.

15 If any one take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or female slave of a freed man, outside the city gates, he shall be put to death.

21 If any one break a hole into a house (break in to steal), he shall be put to death before that hole and be buried.

22 If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death.

112 If any one be on a journey and entrust silver, gold, precious stones, or any movable property to another, and wish to recover it from him; if the latter do not bring all of the property to the appointed place, but appropriate it to his own use, then shall this man, who did not bring the property to hand it over, be convicted, and he shall pay fivefold for all that had been entrusted to him. Interest on “loans”

117 If any one fail to meet a claim for debt, and sell himself, his wife, his son, and daughter for money or give them away to forced labor: they shall work for three years in the house of the man who bought them, or the proprietor, and in the fourth year they shall be set free. (no permanent slavery)

118 If he give a male or female slave away for forced labor, and the merchant sublease them, or sell them for money, no objection can be raised.

122 If any one give another silver, gold, or anything else to keep, he shall show everything to some witness, draw up a contract, and then hand it over for safe keeping. (Contracts for exchange of property)

123 If he turn it over for safe keeping without witness or contract, and if he to whom it was given deny it, then he has no legitimate claim.

124 If any one deliver silver, gold, or anything else to another for safe keeping, before a witness, but he deny it, he shall be brought before a judge, and all that he has denied he shall pay in full.

128 If a man take a woman to wife, but have no intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him.

129 If a man's wife be surprised (in flagrante delicto) with another man, both shall be tied and thrown into the water, but the husband may pardon his wife and the king his slaves.

135 If a man be taken prisoner in war and there be no sustenance in his house and his wife go to another house and bear children; and if later her husband return and come to his home: then this wife shall return to her husband, but the children follow their father.

142 If a woman quarrel with her husband, and say: "You are not congenial (suitable) to me," the reasons for her prejudice must be presented. If she is guiltless, and there is no fault on her part, but he leaves and neglects her, then no guilt attaches to this woman, she shall take her dowry and go back to her father's house. (divorce for a woman if man does not take care of her!)

143 If she is not innocent, but leaves her husband, and ruins her house, neglecting her husband, this woman shall be cast into the water.

145 If a man take a wife, and she bear him no children, and he intend to take another wife: if he take this second wife, and bring her into the house, this second wife shall not be allowed equality with his wife.

153 If the wife of one man on account of another man has their mates (her husband and the other man's wife) murdered, both of them shall be impaled.

154 If a man be guilty of incest with his daughter, he shall be driven from the place (exiled).

157 If any one be guilty of incest with his mother after his father, both shall be burned.

192 If a son of a paramour (illicit lover) or a prostitute say to his adoptive father or mother: "You are not my father, or my mother," his tongue shall be cut off.

193 If the son of a paramour or a prostitute desire his father's house, and desert his adoptive father and adoptive mother, and goes to his father's house, then shall his eye be put out.

194 If a man give his child to a nurse and the child die in her hands, but the nurse unbeknown to the father and mother nurse another child, then they shall convict her of having nursed another child without the knowledge of the father and mother and her breasts shall be cut off.

195 If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off.

196 If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. [An eye for an eye]

197 If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be broken.

198 If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. (By reading this, historians able to figure out—some folks “more important” than others.)

199 If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of its value.

200 If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. [A tooth for a tooth]

201 If he knock out the teeth of a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a gold mina.

202 If any one strike the body of a man higher in rank than he, he shall receive sixty blows with an ox-whip in public. (public punishment—adds to the humiliation of the criminal)

203 If a free-born man strike the body of another free-born man or equal rank, he shall pay one gold mina.

204 If a freed man strike the body of another freed man, he shall pay ten shekels in money.

205 If the slave of a freed man strike the body of a freed man, his ear shall be cut off.

206 If during a quarrel one man strike another and wound him, then he shall swear, "I did not injure him wittingly," and pay the physicians.

207 If the man die of his wound, he shall swear similarly, and if he (the deceased) was a free-born man, he shall pay half a mina in money.

208 If he was a freed man, he shall pay one-third of a mina.

209 If a man strike a free-born woman so that she lose her unborn child, he shall pay ten shekels for her loss.

210 If the woman die, his daughter shall be put to death.

211 If a woman of the free class lose her child by a blow, he shall pay five shekels in money.

212 If this woman die, he shall pay half a mina.

213 If he strike the maid-servant of a man, and she lose her child, he shall pay two shekels in money.

214 If this maid-servant die, he shall pay one-third of a mina.

226 If a barber, without the knowledge of his master, cut the sign of a slave on a slave not to be sold, the hands of this barber shall be cut off.

227 If any one deceive a barber, and have him mark a slave not for sale with the sign of a slave, he shall be put to death, and buried in his house. The barber shall swear: "I did not mark him wittingly," and shall be guiltless.

228 If a builder build a house for some one and complete it, he shall give him a fee of two shekels in money for each sar of surface.

229 If a builder build a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death.

230 If it kill the son of the owner the son of that builder shall be put to death.

231 If it kill a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for slave to the owner of the house.

232 If it ruin goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means.

282 If a slave say to his master: "You are not my master," if they convict him his master shall cut off his ear.

Hammurabi –King of Babylon lived from 1792 BC until 1750 BC

Watch Kings of Mesopotamia from to …..7/13 5:22

Lecture 2: Ancient Western Asia and the Civilization of Mesopotamia

River Valley Flipcards

Deeper Fertile Crescent: Mesopotamia Strong

Day 14

WH Sept 27 , B3

Opener: Do Study Guides for Sections 3 and 4 of Chapter 2 Early India and Early China

Pojer Power Point: India—The Vedic Age

ID the following using Chapter 2

1.

a)      Belief in more than one god(s)

b)      A series of families ruling over time

c)      Pharaoh’s tomb

d)     Village and its surrounding countryside…basic political unit in ancient times

e)      Triangular mouth of the river…usually very fertile land there

Dynastic cycle _____

2. Pyramid _____

3. Delta _____

4. Polytheism _____

5. City State _____

a)      Scholars, rich farm land in desert, shaped like the moon

b)      Belief that the Chinese ruler had god’s permission

c)      Means land between two rivers in Greek…Tigris and Euphrates

d)     Fertile soil left after the monsoons and rainy season from the Huang River

e)      Indus valley folks…had good technology

6. Fertile Crescent _____

7. Harappan civilization _____

8. Loess _____

9. Mesopotamia _____

10. Mandate of Heaven ____

11. Hammurabi _____

12.

a)      Egyptian god-king…thought to be = to gods

b)      Paper in Egypt

c)      Babylonian ruler famous for being 1^st to write down laws

d)     A series of rulers from one family

e)      Lord and his subjects in a village

Dynasty _____

13. Pharaoh _____

14. Papyrus _____

15. Feudalism _____

16.

a)      India—in southern Asia

b)      A collection of people/countries/city states…controlled by one ruler

c)      Government where the rule is based on religion

d)     Wet wind in India

e)      Egyptian system of writing

Theocracy _____

17. Monsoon _____

18. Subcontinent _____

19. Hieroglyphics _____

20. Empire _____

Absent: Take notes on the power points

Day 15

WH Sep. 29, B3

Pojer Power point: Ancient China

Day 16

WH Oct. 3, B3

Finish China: Legalism Power point

Chapter 3 Section 1 Trading Peoples study guide

Watch creativity: Mesopotamia

Day 17

WH Oct. 5, B3

Absent: Read and take notes (2 pages) on the following reading in A Little History of the World: Chapter 5: The One and Only God Page 45 of the PDF.

Hebrew Power point

Akkad : Oriental Institute Maps

Oriental Institute maps

Notes for today:

Chapter 3 Section 2

The Hebrews

- The Hebrews were the exception to the rule when it came to religion.

- They were monotheistic believing in the God, Yahweh.

- Yahweh determined right and wrong and expected people to deal justly with each other and accepting moral responsibility for their actions.

- The Hebrews teaching still exist today as Judaism, which has influenced Christianity and Islam.

The Land of Canaan

- The Bible is one of the main sources of history from the Fertile Crescent.

- The Bible traces the roots of the Hebrews to Abraham from the city of Ur.

- Abraham settled in Canaan because of the orders of Yahweh.

- It is believed that this is when Abraham and God made a covenant, or agreement, for Abraham’s descendants to remain faithful and in return God would make Abraham a great nation.

- This land was shared with other groups such as the Phoenicians and Philistines.

Exodus from Egypt

- Jacob (Israel), Abraham’s grandson, had 12 sons and each lead a tribe.

- The Israelites migrated to Egypt during the reign of the Hyksos.

- They lived peacefully for a several generations until the pharaohs decided to enslave them.

- The Egyptians treated the Hebrews ruthlessly so an Israelite leader named Moses rallied his people and led them in a Exodus, departure, from Egypt to the Sinai Desert.

- Today the Jews retell the story as part of the festival of Passover.

- During the trek across the desert God renewed the covenant he made with Abraham. The Israelites would receive safe return to the land of Canaan and they pledged to follow God’s law, The Ten Commandments.

o Thou shalt have no other gods before me.

o Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image.

o Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.

o Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy.

o Honour thy father and thy mother.

o Thou shalt not kill.

o Thou shalt not commit adultery.

o Thou shalt not steal.

o Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

o Thou shalt not covet.

Settling the Land

- Moses died on the trip back to Canaan and his successor was Joshua.

- For about 200 years the Israelites struggled to gain the region.

- A lack of unity between the 12 tribes prolonged the military campaign to acquire Canaan.

- Deborah a judge admired for her wisdom planned an attack on a Canaanite army near Mount Tabor and through Gods intervention the Israelites won.

- Around 1020 B.C the tribes united under the king Saul.

- In 1012 B.C David took Saul’s throne after Saul became unpopular because he was unable to defeat the Philistines.

- David was the one that defeated Goliath in battle.

- David ruled for 40 years, and his capital was Jerusalem.

- During his reign he organized a central gov’t, enlarged the borders of his kingdom and a period of economic prosperity occurred.

Solomon

- After David’s death his son took control.

- He founded new cities and rebuilt the old ones.

- He also spent a lot of money on building projects including a magnificent temple in Jerusalem.

- According to the Bible after his father died Solomon was offered anything he wanted from God.

- Solomon said he wanted wisdom so he could govern well.

- An example of his wisdom is told in a story that involved a dispute between two women over which one was the mother of a child.

- Solomon said that the child should be cut in half so that each person could have a piece of the child.

- One woman accepted the decision and the other one gave up her half so the child could live.

- Solomon then awarded the child to the second.

- His kingdom grew rich from trading and taxing trade.

- He had even created a friendship with the Phoenicians and this allowed him to send his merchants to trade in Africa and Arabia.

- Eventually his people started to resent the high taxes and the requirement that all men work on his projects without pay.

- After his death in 922 B.C the ten tribes of the North broke away from the other two.

- This created Israel in the North and Judah in the South.

Exile and Return

- The two new groups shared a religion, but they were too weak to combat invaders so in 722 B.C the Assyrians conquered the kingdom of Israel.

- In 586, the Chaldeans, a group from Babylon, took control of Judah.

- During this time prophets, preachers that interpreted God’s will, arose from the Israelites.

- One such prophet was Jeremiah. He condemned abuses in society and blamed the Babylonian exile on Jew’s forgetting their duties to God and to one another.

- Since the Jews were in Babylon they didn’t have a temple to worship at so small groups started meeting on the Sabbath for prayer and discussion. The lead to the institution of local synagogues.

- The Jews were hoping to return to Jerusalem and in 539 BC they got their wish.

- Cyrus II of Persia conquered the Chaldeans and allowed the Jews to return home.

- In the 400s B.C Erza, a scribe, lead to movement to collect and organize all of the Jewish holy writings into the Torah.

- The five books of the Torah are: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

- The Torah teaches that every human being, made in the image of God, has infinite worth.

- Also the humans work in partnership with God, striving for a perfect world.

Day 18

WH Oct. 7, B3