Opener:

Homestead Strike Study Guide

1. “Scab”—workers who replace striking workers…most hated people by unions

2. Amalgamated—name of the union at the Homestead steel works

3. Boom and bust—economic good times (prosperity); economic bad times (recession/depression)

4. Capitulate—give in…give up

5. Industrialist—“Captains of Industry”…Andrew Carnegie…steel…visionaries who saw the future of business and acted to make a profit from their vision…”Robber Barons”—negative term…

6. Manifest Destiny—idea that America and American ideas are the best and that they should be spread throughout the continent of America and eventually the world

7. Permeate—creep in…sneak in…come in to a situation quietly

8. Union—group of people who come together, usually laborers, band together to give themselves more power

9. Unprecedented—never been done/tried before

Comprehension Questions:

1. Describe the working conditions at the Homestead Works once Andrew Carnegie

took it over. Do you feel that these conditions were fair to the workers?

Sweat filled their shoes it was so hot…worked 6/12 hour days and the 7^th/24 hour day “switch day”…very unhealthy conditions

2. For many workers, unions were the only means they had to get their concerns and

voices heard. Describe the role of unions in the late 1800s.

Fight for less hours…higher pay…better working conditions…safety…vacation/sick time…reasonable retirement benefits…

3. Andrew Carnegie felt no responsibility to workers and wanted to get rid of the

unions in his facilities. Yet, workers felt an ownership toward their jobs. What

impact did these opposing views have on society?

Owners of the factories come together and their friends to oppose the workers and their friends…Few rich versus the many poor.

4. In 1892, Henry Clay Frick, working on behalf of Andrew Carnegie, created a lock

out at the Homestead steel plant. Employees could not keep their jobs unless they

quit the union. Was this an effective strategy for instigating change? Why or why

not?

Locking people out of jobs they consider their property is going to cause deep and intense resentment. People are going to act desperately to save their jobs. A more “negotiated” strategy was needed in order to reach some kind of compromise.

5. This documentary makes frequent mention of “public opinion.” How do you think

public opinion was measured in the 1890s? How are they measured today?

6. Frick hired the Pinkerton Security Agency to come to Homestead by boat to

secure the property so that he could bring in “scabs” to do the work of the union

steelworkers who were locked out. The Pinkertons were met with resistance and

were beaten by the striking workers. Public opinion about the incident was mixed.

Why? Which side would you have supported and why?

7. How were Andrew Carnegie and Henry Clay Frick alike? How were they

different?

8. On July 12, 1892, the governor of Pennsylvania sent in militia to secure

Homestead, and within a week it was up and running without union workers.

Strikers were welcome back, but none return. Negotiations continued in the fall.

Many strikers could not hold out any more, and in November, they voted to go

back to work. Frick sent a telegraph to Carnegie which read, “Victory early.”

Was this a victory? Why or why not?

9. Do you think labor and working conditions are still major issues in American

culture? Discuss.

10. How did the Homestead Strike change American history?

Last ½ Hour: 26: Industry Comes of Age Fill in the Blanks

JUSH 2A Oct. 24, 2011

Day 4

Lesson 47 - Consumer Culture file

Industry Comes of Age--Identifications

478

489

480

481

495-496

485

485

487

491

495

495

495

485

484

UA

Sage Text: 2. Summary of Progressivism

MUSH 2A Oct. 26, 2011

Day 4

PLAN TEST—no makeup

Four seniors watch—The Fog of War – Missiles of October.

MUSH 2A Oct 28, 2011

Day 5

Opener:

Assignment: Questions on 8.3

Watch power point Progressives part 1 (exp.)

Progressive Agendas American Odyssey Chapter 8 Section 3 page 250

1. How did Robert LaFollette break the grip of the railroad companies on state government?

2. The Direct Primary gave the power to nominate candidates to _____________ instead of ____________.

3. The recall allowed citizens to...

4. The evidence in the Muller v. Oregon case showed...

5. What effect did the articles by Muckrakers have on workmen’s compensation laws?

6. New York City passed strict building codes after what event?

7. In what part of the nation could women vote in 1890?

8. Three progressive reforms used to help children...

9. Three ideas that were part of Dewey’s philosophy of education...

10. Why did Margaret Sanger launch a drive to inform women about the ways of preventing pregnancy?

1890 to 1917

“Progressives were reformers who attempted to solve problems caused by industry, growth of cities and laissez faire.”

If you are absent take notes on the power point (first 10 slides)

MUSH 2A Nov. 1, 2011

Day 6

Opener: Do worksheet on this section: American Odyssey 9.1 pg. 266 TR and the Modern Presidency

Lecture: Policing the World

MUSH 2A Nov. 3, 2011

Day 7

Read about Assassination of McKinley and rise of Teddy Roosevelt to the Presidency...pgs. 472-474…watch 10 Days that unexpectedly changed America...McKinley Assassination...Do vocabulary words from this movie:

Murder at the Fair: The Assassination of President McKinley

(SEPTEMBER 6, 1901)

On the sweltering afternoon of September 6, 1901, hundreds of people waited in line to

meet President William McKinley at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. The

exposition was the first world’s fair of the 20th century, and the popular president had come to

the fair to make a speech and celebrate America’s achievements in technology, culture and recent

emergence as a world power. McKinley, age 58, planned to shake hands with the public for just

ten minutes, but within that brief time, a young man named Leon Czolgosz reached the front of

the line and shot the president twice, at point-blank range. Despite doctors’ initially positive

prognosis, McKinley died a week after the shooting, shocking the nation. Upon McKinley’s

death, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as the youngest U.S. President in history.

The 28-year-old Czolgosz was the son of working-class Polish immigrants. A self proclaimed

anarchist, Czolgosz was extremely disaffected by the growing social and economic

divide within the United States. The assassination traumatized and deeply saddened the nation,

but also revealed an undercurrent of public dissatisfaction brewing beneath America’s surface

optimism. Smart, impulsive and extraordinarily charismatic, as McKinley’s successor Roosevelt

ushered in a new era in American politics, embracing the nation’s desire for economic reform andregulation of big business. With insights from scholars and striking recreations, this documentary is an excellent opportunity introduce students this dramatic event in American history and the rise of progressive politics which followed.

Vocabulary

Alienated

Anarchism

Progress

Alias

Infrastructure

Reform

Hierarchy

Arbitrary

Epitome

Buckboard

Facetiously

MUSH 2A Nov. 7, 2011

Day 8

Look up the Following in Chapter 32:

1. Ida Tarbell

2. Dr. H.W. Wiley

3. Initiative

4. Referendum

5. Recall

6. Amendment 17

7. Suffragists

8. Robert LaFollette

9. California government control

10. Charles Evans Hughes

11. Triangle Shirtwaist Company

12. Women's Christian Temperance Union

13. Railroad rebates

14. Interstate Commerce Commission

15. Upton Sinclair

16. Gifford Pinchot

17. Newlands Act 1902

18. Alton. B Parker

19. Aldrich-Vreeland Act

20. William Jennings Bryan

21. Eugene Debs

Teddy Roosevelt—Notes

· Wm McKinley was the third President assassinated in US History…Leon Czolgocz

· A. Lincoln John Wilkes Booth (1865)…J. Garfield Charles Guiteau (1881) the first two

· TR our first modern president was a total accident

· Czolgocz—who wanted a weaker president…he was an anarchist…screwed up because he replaced a president who was not very active with a president who was historically active.

· Known as our first “modern president”

· As a youth…very sick and weak…studied hard and was very curious

· Obsessed with physical fitness…by 1907 he was a very strong fit fellow!

· Loved to box and wrestle…champion boxer at Harvard in the mid-1870’s

· He had a odd way of speaking…short clipped words…big teeth contributed to this

· Was very energetic…constantly moving…”you must remember that the president is about 10 years old

· He was one of the most educated/intelligent men ever to be president

· Voracious reader…said reading was a “disease’ within him

· Early in his political career he would physically fight political opponents

· Did not care what people thought…he only wanted to “do the right thing”

· Very hard personal life…much sadness…1884…his wife died while giving birth to his daughter…this event was just hours after his mother died in the same house…Feb. 14.

· After this happened…TR gave his daughter to his sister…moved to North Dakota

· Dropped out of society…was a sheriff out there…caught three horse thieves

· Wrote books about the west and came back to the east to be Civil Service Commissioner

· He then became the New York City police commissioner…where he walked the streets of New York and saw poverty first hand…met Lincoln Steffens and Jacob Riis

· Roosevelt is a guy who is from a rich family, grows up very rich…goes to Harvard…he becomes a leader who is concerned about the poor

· Progressives—think the government role is to help people out

· Contradiction…Called TR a “traitor to his class”

· Ethics, fairness, lifting up the masses…lots of people say these things but TR really believed them

“…no people were ever benefited by riches if their prosperity corrupted their virtue…It is more important that we should show ourselves honest, brave, truthful and intelligent than we should own all the railways and grain elevators in the world.”

· Target during his presidency was trusts…monopolies

· Roosevelt had prepared his entire life to be ready to be president

· Surprising thing about his presidency was going to be how much control he thought the government should have over big business

· His is going to be known as a “Trust Buster”

· 1^st test of this came in 1902 in Northern Securities case

· Does/should the government use its power to interfere with big business

· Northern Securities had the potential to control the RR market…was not proven that they raised prices illegally…they could though!

· This is the first time in history the Government acts to prevent violation that had not occurred

· Innocent until proven guilty…Northern Securities had done nothing wrong

· He attacked Standard Oil in the same way

TR's Square Deal for Labor, Corporations and Immigrants

· President Roosevelt believed in the progressive reform. He enacted a "Square Deal" program that consisted of 3 parts:

1. control of the corporations

2. consumer protection

3. conservation of natural resources

· In 1902, coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike and demanded a 20% raise in pay and a workday decrease from 10 hours to 9 hours.

· When mine spokesman, George F. Baer refused to negotiate, President Roosevelt stepped in a threatened to operate the mines with federal troops.

· A deal was struck in which the miners received a 10% pay raise and an hour workday reduction.

· Congress, aware of the increasing hostilities between capital and labor, created the Department of Commerce in 1903.

TR Corrals the Corporations

· Although the Interstate Commerce Commission was created in 1887, railroad barons were still able to have high shipping rates because of their ability to appeal the commission's decisions on high rates to the federal courts.

· In 1903, Congress passed the Elkins Act, which allowed for heavy fines to be placed on railroads that gave rebates and on the shippers that accepted them. (Railroad companies would offer rebates as incentives for companies to use their rail lines.)

· Congress passed the Hepburn Act of 1906, restricting free passes and expanding the Interstate Commerce Commission to extend to include express companies, sleeping-car companies, and pipelines.

· (Free passes: rewards offered to companies allowing an allotted number of free shipments; given to companies to encourage future business.)

· In 1902, President Roosevelt challenged the Northern Securities Company, a railroad trust company that sought to achieve a monopoly of the railroads in the Northwest.

· The Supreme Court upheld the President and the trust was forced to be dissolved.

Japanese Laborers in California

· When the Japanese government lifted its ban on its citizens emigrating in 1884, thousands of Japanese were recruited to work in California.

· Japanese immigrants were confronted with racist hostility by whites.

· In 1906, San Francisco's school board segregated the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean students to make room for white students.

· The Japanese saw this action as an insult and threatened with war.

· President Roosevelt invited the entire San Francisco Board of Education to the White House to settle the dispute.

· TR broke the deadlock and the Californians were persuaded to repeal the segregation and to accept what came to be known as the "Gentlemen's Agreement."

· The Japanese agreed to stop the flow of immigrants to the United States.

· In 1908, the Root-Takahira agreement was reached with Japan.

· The U.S. and Japan pledged themselves to respect each other's territorial possessions.

TR: Brandisher of the Big Stick

· Roosevelt was a direct actionist in that he believed that the president should lead and keep things moving forward.

· He had no real respect for the checks and balances system among the 3 branches of government.

· He felt that he may take any action in the general interest that is not specifically forbidden by the laws of the Constitution.

· Great White Fleet around the world on a peace mission. Congress says TR can not do this…so he only sends them ½ way!

Colombia Blocks the Canal

· In order for ships to cross quickly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, a canal had to be built across the Central American isthmus.

· There were initial legal issues blocking the construction of this canal.

· By the terms of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, made with Britain in 1850, the U.S. could not gain exclusive control over a route for the canal.

· But because of friendly relations with Britain, Britain signed the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty in 1901, which gave the U.S. a helping hand to build the canal and rights to fortify it.

· Many Americans favored the Nicaraguan route for the canal, but Congress decided on the Panama route for the canal in June 1902 after the New Panama Canal Company dropped the price of its holdings significantly.

· Colombia stood in the way of the construction of the canal.

· After a treaty to buy land for the canal had been rejected by the Colombian senate, President Roosevelt, who was eager to win the upcoming election, demanded that the canal be built without Colombia's consent.

TR's Perversion of Monroe's Doctrine

· Several nations of Latin America were in debt to European countries.

· President Roosevelt feared that if the European nations (mainly the Germany and Britain) got their feet in the door of Latin America, then they might remain there, in violation of the Monroe Doctrine.

· Roosevelt therefore created a policy known as "preventive intervention."

· The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine declared that in the event of future monetary problems of Latin American countries with European countries, the U.S. could pay off the Latin American counties' debts to keep European nations out of Latin America.

· Latin American countries began to hate the Monroe Doctrine for it had become the excuse for numerous U.S. interventions in Latin America.

· In actuality, President Roosevelt was the one to be blamed for the interventions.

Roosevelt on the World Stage

· Japan began war with Russia in 1904 after Russia failed to withdraw troops from Manchuria and Korea.

· Japan was defeating Russia in the war when Japan's supply of troops began to run low.

· Japan therefore asked President Roosevelt to step in and sponsor peace negotiations.

· Roosevelt agreed and in 1905 forced through an agreement in which the Japanese received no compensation for the losses and only the southern half of Sakhalin Island.

· For this TR received the Nobel Peace Prize.

· Because of the treaty, friendship with Russia faded away and Japan became a rival with America in Asia.

Uncle Sam Creates Puppet Panama

· On November 3, 1903, Panamanians, who feared the United States would choose the Nicaraguan route for the canal, made a successful revolution led by Bunau-Varilla.

· Bunau-Varilla became the Panamanian minister to the United States and signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty in Washington.

· The treaty gave the U.S. control of a 10-mile zone around the proposed Panama Canal.

Completing the Canal and Appeasing Colombia

· The so-called rape of Panama marked a downward lurch in U.S relations with Latin America.

· President Roosevelt defended himself against all charges of doing anything wrong.

· He claimed that Columbia had wronged the United States by not permitting itself to be benefited by the construction of the canal.

· In 1904 the construction of the Panama Canal began, and in 1914 it was completed at a cost of $400 million.

MUSH 2A Nov. 9, 2011

Day 9

NOTES:

MUSH 2A Nov. 11, 2011

Day 10

Short introduction to Imperialism

Do worksheet on 10.1 Becoming a World Power

Watch movie on America the Story of Us…Episode 7: Cities

Terms to Know:

Audacious
Filament
Irrevocable
Molten
Rogue
Tenement
Unscrupulous
Veritable

Discussion Questions:

1. What was the Bessemer steel converter? How did this invention shape U.S. history?

2. Why do you think so many everyday Americans contributed money to help build the Statue of Liberty?

3. What was the “rogues’ gallery” and what was its importance? What were some of the other methods used to curb crime?

4. What was the key factor in Thomas Edison’s success in designing the light bulb?

5. What were some of the new things that were possible because of this invention?

6. Why do you think the Triangle Shirtwaist fire happened? What were some of the results of this tragedy?

MUSH 2A Nov. 15, 2011

Day 11

American Odyssey 10.2 Watching Europe’s War

Multiple choice work sheet…answer the question and put the page number and column on the paper

Worksheets and Lecture

NOTES:

Thunder Across the Sea

· In 1914,World War I was sparked when the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was murdered by a Serb patriot.

· An outraged Vienna government, backed by Germany, presented an ultimatum to Serbia.

· Serbia, backed by Russia, refused to budge.

· Russia began to mobilize its army, alarming Germany on the east, and France confronted Germany on the west.

· Germany struck at France first and the fighting began.

· The Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, and Bulgaria.

· The Allies consisted of France, Britain, Russia, Japan, and Italy.

Start WWI Story link: http://www.firstworldwar.com/origins/causes.htm

A Precarious Neutrality

· President Wilson issued the neutrality proclamation at the outbreak of WWI.

· Most Americans were anti-Germany from the outset of the war.

· Kaiser Wilhelm II, the leader of Germany, seemed the embodiment of arrogant autocracy.

· Yet, the majority of Americans were against war.

What is the difference between the way the Germans approached naval warfare and the

Way the English approached Naval Warfare.

MUSH 2A Nov. 17, 2011

Day 12

Opener:

AP America Earns Blood Money

· American industry prospered off trade with the Allies and the Central Powers.

· We (America) don’t want our boys to die in this European “conflagration”

· Germany and the Central Powers protested American trading with the Allies, although America wasn't breaking the international neutrality laws -- Germany was free to trade with the U.S., but Britain prevented this trade by controlling the Atlantic Ocean by which Germany had to cross in order to trade with the U.S.

· In 1915, several months after Germany started to use submarines in the war, one of Germany's submarines sunk the British liner Lusitania, killing 128 Americans.

· Americans demanded war but President Wilson stood strong on his stance against war.

· When Germany sunk another British liner, the Arabic, in 1915, Berlin agreed to not sink unarmed passenger ships without warning.

· Germany continued to sink innocent ships as apparent when one of its submarines sank a French passenger steamer, the Sussex.

· President Wilson informed the Germans that unless they renounced the inhuman practice of sinking merchant ships without warning, he would break diplomatic relations, leading to war.

· Germany agreed to Wilson's ultimatum, but attached additions to their Sussex pledge: the United States would have to persuade the Allies to modify what Berlin regarded as their illegal blockade.

Wilson accepted the Germany pledge, without accepting the "string" of additions.

Notes:

The difference between the way the Germans approached naval warfare and the

Way the English approached Naval Warfare.

Battleships (British) vs. Submarines (Germans)

MUSH 2A Nov. 21, 2011

Day 13

Review:

In 1914,World War I was sparked when the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary (Archduke Franz Ferdinand) was murdered by a Serb patriot.

The attitude of people at this time…the time before WWI…late 1800’s to early 1900’s…expressed by Winston Churchill…people were too advanced to have war…Christianity had spread out enough…the weapons are so horrible that we cannot comprehend war… “it would a pity if we are wrong.”

The Serbians wanted independence from Austria-Hungary this has nothing to do with America.

Austria-Hungary—an “empire” that makes up at least seven countries in 1914.

Most folks under an “empire” want to have their own country. “Self-determination”

Serbians wanted their own country.

Young Serbs—form the Black Hand organization—a terrorist group who wants Serbian independence.

Their plan protest Austria-Hungary’s domination of them by killing the heir to the A-H throne.

King or Emperors son—Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie when they come to visit Sarajevo, Yugoslavia (Serbia).

Sophie and Franz are killed and the result is that the entire continent of Europe is engulfed in a widespread war—it becomes World War I.

Common Sense would tell us that the war would be:

Serbia Vs Austria Hungary

Discussion of Thanksgiving

Primary sources

“Pilgrims and Indians Make Peace”

“Plymouth Plantation”

“Lincoln’s Thanksgiving Proclamation”

“Washington’s Thanksgiving Proclamation”

MUSH 2A Nov. 28, 2011

Day 14

Opener: Work sheet 10.2 Watching Europe’s War

Listen to Berkely Podcast on WWI Jennifer Burns

Lecture:

WWI in America:

Woodrow Wilson: Says we should be neutral—be neutral in thought as well as deed.

This is odd for Wilson to say this as he loved England—Anglo-phile

loved English civilization

he did display neutrality early in the war.

In any contest—let alone war…it is natural to pick a side

Most if not all Americans wanted to stay out of the war.

They did however relate more to the Allies than the Central Powers.

Half of the 100,000,000 Americans were from Britain or Canada.

More important than this was France.

France had always helped America—going all the way back to the Revolutionary War.

Many Americans think we “owed” the French our assistance in their fight with Germany.

Some men even volunteered to fight for France before America enters the war officially.

“The rape of Belgium”—Germany’s invasion of Belgium caused many Americans to see Germany as uncivilized brutes—picking on a tiny neutral nation.

A young Herbert Hoover is sent to Belgium to help feed starving Belgians.

With all these forces causing America to lean towards the Allies—the biggest foreign born group in America was the Germans.

About 11 million Americans traced their ancestors to countries in the Central powers.

They wanted America to help Germany!

Should we help…if so…who should we help?

Absent: Copy Notes and do work sheets.

MUSH 2A

Nov 30, 2011

Day 15

Complete list of War Declarations.

Opener:

Students do questions… Ch. 10 Section 3—WWI Here and There pg. 314

Look at 10 3 answers:

Ch. 10 Section 3—WWI Here and There pg. 314

1. What did the book Pale Horse, Pale Rider describe? Who wrote it?

A: Katherine Ann Porter—wrote about the effect the war (WWI) had on the “home front” the people not fighting in the war…flu, pressure to buy bonds, nervousness that a loved one would be drafted, constant propaganda to support the war effort…especially if you were German!

Called:

War to end war

War for humanity

War to make the world safe for democracy

All must support the war—or we will fail

Mobilization—money, machines, men and minds

2. What did President Wilson do to pay for the war? (Two things)

A: Spearheaded a campaign to sell war bonds—this is were average Americans give money to the government…and the government will eventually pay the back with interest.

Raised the income tax level to finance the war.

Treasury Secretary—William McAdoo was in charge of these efforts

3. How was it decided if a person had to serve in World War I?

A: Draft…men are “conscripted” forced to fight even if they have other plans…college…no if you are drafted off to basic you go then to the war! We had not had a draft in America since the Civil War (1860-1865). Drafts are VERY unpopular! Americans do not like to be “forced” to do anything—especially go fight in a war.

4. Three descriptions of American soldiers during WWI…

A: Fresh—they had “sat out” the first 3 ½ years of the war. Had lots of energy. They were not prepared for what was in store for them…because they were rushed into the fight…they did not know what they were getting into. They were brave, showed lots of courage…had “pep” or energy. They thought they could do it—Americans were very confident. Nickname “Doughboys”. Officially called the AEF (American Expeditionary Force). Commanded by John J. Pershing. 200,000 and they are credited with turning the tide of the war and defeating the Germans.

5. Three descriptions of the war effort at home during WWI…

A: People at home were cooperative in what the government wanted from them, they were united in their support for the war, interested in what they could do to help, and they did what they were supposed to—conformed to what the government leaders wanted.

6. What were Americans asked to do during WWI because the Allies needed food?

A: Conserve food, little kids were required to eat all gone…no waste…this was all voluntary…people grew food for the armed forces “liberty gardens”. Citizens thought that if they did these things, they were participating in the war in some way.

7. Why did socialists oppose World War I?

A: They thought it was an “imperialist ploy (plot, trick) to protect profits of big businesses. Why should common men fight to protect the profits of the rich?

8. Three descriptions of intolerance in the US caused by WWI…

A: Socialists freedom of speech was curtailed—folks not allowed to speak out against the war, spied on own people…people suspected of being disloyal…Members of the Industrial Workers of the World were tarred and feathered…All things German were suspect.

9. The main purpose of the Civil Liberties Union formed in the United States was to…

A: assist pacifists and conscientious objectors in the United States

10. After WWI, Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., ruled that a citizen’s freedom of speech…

A: All speech is protected unless it presents a “clear and present danger” to public safety.

Watch America A Look Back—The Great War

Sage: America and World War I: “The Yanks are Coming”

WWI Background

MUSH 2A

Dec. 2, 2011

Day 16

WWI Through Poster and Song

Pageant Objectives 31 The War to End War

Sage: America and World War I: “The Yanks are Coming”

America and World War I

Power points: Origins of WWI

Do work sheets:

Questions--10.4 Reshaping the World

Write out and do!

The Treaty of Versailles

THE HUMAN COSTS OF WORLD WAR I Given the number of casualties, these generally accepted figures must be considered estimates.
LOSSES	KILLED	WOUNDED
Great Britain	947,000	2,122,000
France	1,385,000	3,044,000
Germany	1,808,000	4,247,000
Russia	1,811,000	4,950,000
Italy	651,000	947,000
Austria-Hungary	1,200,000	3,620,000
Turkey	325,000	400,000
United States	116,000	206,000

MUSH 2A Dec. 6, 2011

Day 17

Pearl Harbor Anniversary—70 Years

Read in American Pageant pgs. 504-509—write 10 quiz questions on the reading…include answers…questions can be true fames, multiple choice and fill in the blank.

Smart board Notes

September 1, 1939

o Germany invades Poland…official start of WWII

(historian)

o Blitzkrieg! Used airplanes, trucks and tanks to invade

Polish had horses and carts

This war goes back to the peace treaty of WWI at Versailles

o Wilson wanted a nice forgiving peace for Austria Hungary and Germany

o English and French said “no way”…punish the Germans!

Ruin the German economy

Do not let them “arm”

Control German government

Make them pay for entire war! Reparations

o WWII-fought in two theaters (Areas)

1. Europe

2. Asia

All during the first two years of the war (1939-1941) Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) wanted to help England, France and China vs. Germany, Italy and Japan

Americans won’t let him…we must stay out of the War in Europe and Asia

Today’s Reading

The Attack on Pearl Harbor

Japanese military leaders recognized American naval strength as the chief deterrent to war with the United States. Early in 1941, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, Commander of the Japanese Combined Fleet, had initiated planning for a surprise attack on the United States Pacific Fleet at the beginning of any hostilities that the Japanese might undertake. The assumption was that before the United States could recover from a surprise blow, the Japanese would be able to seize all their objectives in the Far East, and could then hold out indefinitely.

By September 1941 the Japanese had practically completed secret plans for a huge assault against Malaya, the Philippines, and the Netherlands East Indies, to be coordinated with a crushing blow on the Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Island of Oahu. Early in November Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo was named commander of the Pearl Harbor Striking Force, which rendezvoused secretly in the Kuriles. The force of some 30 ships included six aircraft carriers with about 430 planes, of which approximately 360 took part in the subsequent attack. At the same time, a Japanese Advance Expeditionary Force of some 20 submarines was assembled at Kure naval base on the west coast of Honshu to cooperate in the attack.

Submarines of the Advance Expeditionary Force began their eastward movement across the Pacific in mid-November, refueled and resupplied in the Marshalls, and arrived near Oahu about December 5 (Hawaiian time). On the night of December 6-7 five midget (two-man) submarines that had been carried "piggy-back" on large submarines cast off and began converging on Pearl Harbor.

Nagumo's task force sailed from the Kuriles on 26 November and arrived, undetected by the Americans, at a point about 200 miles north of Oahu at 0600 hours (Hawaiian time) on December 7, 1941. Beginning at 0600 and ending at 0715, a total of some 360 planes were launched in three waves. These planes rendezvoused to the south and then flew toward Oahu for coordinated attacks.

In Pearl Harbor were 96 vessels, the bulk of the United States Pacific Fleet. Eight battleships of the Fleet were there, but the aircraft carriers were all at sea. The Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet (CINCPAC) was Admiral Husband E. Kimmel. Army forces in Hawaii, including the 24th and 25th Infantry Divisions, were under the command of Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short, Commanding General of the Hawaiian Department. On the several airfields were a total of about 390 Navy and Army planes of all types, of which less than 300 were available for combat or observation purposes.

The Japanese air attack on Pearl Harbor and on the airfields of Oahu began at 0755 on December 7, 1941 and ended shortly before 1000. Quickly recovering from the initial shock of surprise, the Americans fought back vigorously with antiaircraft fire. Devastation of the airfields was so quick and thorough that only a few American planes were able to participate in the counterattack. The Japanese were successful in accomplishing their principal mission, which was to cripple the Pacific Fleet. They sunk three battleships, caused another to capsize, and severely damaged the other four.

All together the Japanese sank or severely damaged 18 ships, including the 8 battleships, three light cruisers, and three destroyers. On the airfields the Japanese destroyed 161 American planes (Army 74, Navy 87) and seriously damaged 102 (Army 71, Navy 31).

The Navy and Marine Corps suffered a total of 2,896 casualties of which 2,117 were deaths (Navy 2,008, Marines 109) and 779 wounded (Navy 710, Marines 69). The Army (as of midnight, 10 December) lost 228 killed or died of wounds, 113 seriously wounded and 346 slightly wounded. In addition, at least 57 civilians were killed and nearly as many seriously injured.

The Japanese lost 29 planes over Oahu, one large submarine (on 10 December), and all five of the midget submarines. Their personnel losses (according to Japanese sources) were 55 airmen, nine crewmen on the midget submarines, and an unknown number on the large submarines. The Japanese carrier task force sailed away undetected and unscathed.

On December 8, 1941, within less than an hour after a stirring, six-minute address by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Congress voted, with only one member dissenting (Jeanette Rankin—first woman in the House of Representatives), that a state of war existed between the United States and Japan, and empowered the President to wage war with all the resources of the country.

Four days after Pearl Harbor, December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. Congress, this time without a dissenting vote, immediately recognized the existence of a state of war with Germany and Italy, and also rescinded an article of the Selective Service Act prohibiting the use of American armed forces beyond the Western Hemisphere.

Finish Tora, Tora, Tora

Start: Tora, Tora, Tora

Read: The Day the Cat Jumped—Story of Pearl Harbor Attack

MUSH 2A Dec. 8, 2011

Day 18

Admiral Husband Kimmel--commander of the Naval Fleet at Pearl Harbor

·Watches as the attack by Japanese takes place

·Totally surprised

A 50 cal bullet comes through a window during the attack bounces off of him..."I wish it had killed me."

Infamy--FDR "Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941, a day that will live in infamy"

After the attack...people wanted someone to blame

Someone had to know!

Why did Japan attack us?

Money and supplies

Japan is an Island...has few natural resources

Needed our scrap metal, oil, and rubber

Japan was being a bully in Asia...attacking China and others...we use economic sanctions to try to control them

The Japanese felt like this would weaken them over time...and decided to strike the Americans when they (Japan) were strong and we were unprepared for war

Why people suspect a conspiracy

·We knew Japan was going to attack...somewhere

·We had cracked their code

·We did not believe they had the capability to attack Hawaii

·The Japanese Ambassadors were in Washington negotiating peace up to and during the attack

Watch TORA,TORA,TORA movie stop at 45:00

MUSH 2A Dec 12

Day 19